All Major Categories + Important Suits, Petitions & Applications
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I. CONTRACTUAL & COMMERCIAL LITIGATION
- Breach of Contract Cases
• Suit for Damages
• Suit for Specific Performance
• Suit for Permanent/Temporary Injunction
• Suit for Rescission or Rectification of Contract
• Suit for Declaration of Rights
Important Applications:
• Order 39 R.1 & 2 – Injunction
• Order 38 R.5 – Attachment Before Judgment
• Order 11 – Discovery
• Order 6 R.17 – Amendment of Pleadings
• Section 151 CPC – Inherent Powers
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- Commercial Courts Act Matters
(Commercial disputes above ₹3 lakh, often complex business issues)
Types:
• Company-to-company disputes
• Manufacturing/supply disputes
• Franchise disputes
• Distribution/agency disputes
• Infrastructure/contract enforcement
Applications:
• Summary Judgment – Order XIII-A
• Case Management Hearing – Order XV-A
• Confidentiality club applications
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- Recovery Suits
• Summary Suit under Order 37 CPC
• Money Recovery based on invoices/loans
• Suit for recovery of security deposit
• Suit for recovery of professional dues
Important Applications:
• Leave to Defend (Order 37)
• Garnishee order
• Pre-suit notice under Section 80 CPC (for govt.)
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II. COMPANY LAW & CORPORATE LITIGATION (NCLT/NCLAT)
- Company Act Litigation
• Oppression & Mismanagement (Sec. 241/242)
• Winding Up petitions
• Restoration of Company Name (Sec. 252)
• Shareholder disputes
• Misappropriation by directors
• Disputes in AGM/EGM
• Rectification of Register of Members
Applications:
• Interim protection
• Stay on meetings
• Appointment of Administrator/Observer
• Freezing of assets
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- Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code (IBC)
• Section 7 – Financial Creditor Petitions
• Section 9 – Operational Creditor Petitions
• Section 10 – Corporate Debtor Initiation
• Insolvency of personal guarantors
• Avoidance transactions
• Challenge to Resolution Plan
Applications:
• Interim Moratorium
• Replacement of IRP
• Extensions in CIRP
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- Partnership & LLP Disputes
• Dissolution suits
• Settlement of accounts
• Misconduct/misappropriation by partner
• Expulsion disputes
• Distribution of assets
Applications:
• Appointment of Receiver
• Injunction against misuse of assets
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III. BANKING & FINANCE LITIGATION
- DRT / SARFAESI
(Non-tax financial disputes only)
Types:
• OA (Original Application) by banks for recovery
• Securitisation Applications (SA) u/s 17
• Appeals before DRAT
• Challenge to auction/possession
Applications:
• Stay on auction
• Restoration of possession
• Condonation of delay
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- NBFC & Private Finance Litigation
• Loan recall disputes
• Hypothecation enforcement
• Recovery through arbitration
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IV. TORTS & CIVIL WRONGS
- Defamation (Civil)
• Civil damages for libel/slander
• Injunction against defamatory statements
• Takedown orders (online platforms)
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- Negligence (General & Professional)
• Medical negligence (civil)
• Architectural/engineering negligence
• Educational institution negligence
• Industrial negligence
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- Nuisance Cases (Non-title based)
• Noise pollution
• Air/water pollution affecting livelihood
• Industrial nuisance
• Public nuisance claims
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V. CONSUMER LITIGATION
- Consumer Protection Act Cases
Sectors:
• Hospitals
• Insurance companies
• Banks (non-tax, non-TRAI)
• E-commerce platforms
• Educational institutions
• Travel & hospitality
• Housing services (non-title related)
• Automobile defects
• Professional services
Applications:
• Interim compensation
• Document production
• Expert opinion
• Condonation of delay
• Review petitions
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VI. LABOUR & SERVICE LAW (NON-MATRIMONIAL)
- Labour Court & Industrial Disputes
• Illegal termination
• Back wages
• Bonus and gratuity disputes
• ESI/EPF disputes
• Industrial accident claims (civil)
• Lay off and retrenchment disputes
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- Government Service Matters
• Suspension/termination
• Promotion disputes
• Transfer order challenges
• Pension & retirement benefits
• Departmental inquiry challenges
Applications:
• Stay on transfer
• Stay on inquiry
• Production of service record
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VII. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IPR) LITIGATION
- Trademark Litigation
• Infringement suits
• Passing off suits
• Opposition proceedings
• Rectification of Register
Applications:
• John Doe Orders
• Anton Piller Orders
• Mareva Injunctions
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- Copyright Litigation
• Infringement of literary, musical, artistic works
• Broadcasting rights disputes
• Software copyright cases
Applications:
• Blocking of URLs/webpages
• Seizure applications
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- Patent Litigation
• Patent infringement suits
• Revocation petitions
• Compulsory licensing disputes
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VIII. ARBITRATION & ADR
- Court Cases under Arbitration Act
Pre-Arbitration:
• Section 9 – Interim Measures
• Section 11 – Appointment of Arbitrator
• Section 8 – Reference to Arbitration
During:
• Challenge to jurisdiction u/s 16
Post-Award:
• Section 34 – Challenge to Award
• Section 36 – Execution of Award
• Section 37 – Appeals
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IX. WRITS & PUBLIC LAW (CIVIL NATURE)
- Writ Petitions (HC/SC)
• Mandamus against govt authorities
• Certiorari against illegal orders
• Quo Warranto cases
• Habeas Corpus (civil custody)
• Writ against administrative abuse
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X. EDUCATION, HEALTHCARE & PROFESSIONAL LITIGATION
- Education Sector Litigation
• Unfair expulsion
• Scholarship disputes
• Fee disputes
• Recognition/affiliation matters
• Examination result challenges
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- Healthcare & Hospital Litigation
• Medical negligence (civil)
• Overcharging disputes
• Insurance-related disputes
• Unfair billing/denial of treatment
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- Professional Regulatory Litigation
• Bar Council disputes
• Medical Council disciplinary proceedings
• ICAI/ICSI/ICMAI cases
• Architect/Engineer misconduct cases
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XI. INSURANCE LITIGATION (NON-TAX)
- Insurance Disputes
• Health insurance claim denial
• Motor vehicle insurance disputes
• Fire insurance
• Marine insurance (cargo/logistics)
• Life insurance repudiation
Applications:
• Interim compensation
• Appointment of surveyor
• Condonation of delay
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XII. SHIPPING, MARITIME & ADMIRALTY LITIGATION
- Admiralty & Maritime Cases
• Arrest of vessels
• Collision disputes
• Salvage claims
• Charter party disputes
• Cargo damage disputes
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XIII. ENVIRONMENTAL LITIGATION
- National Green Tribunal (NGT) Cases
• Polluting industry disputes
• Environmental clearance challenges
• Water/air pollution matters
• Hazardous waste cases
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XIV. PUBLIC RIGHTS & CIVIL SUPREMACY LITIGATION
- PIL (Public Interest Litigation)
• Environmental rights
• Public health
• Civil liberties
• Labour rights
• Consumer rights
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XV. CYBER & DIGITAL PLATFORM LITIGATION
- Cyber Civil Cases
• Data privacy disputes
• Cyber fraud (civil recovery)
• Online harassment (civil injunctions)
• Takedown orders (web/social media)
• Software agreement disputes
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XVI. LICENSING & REGULATORY (NON-TAX, NON-TRAI)
- Licensing / Permit Disputes
• Municipal license cancellations
• Health trade license issues
• Food license (FSSAI) disputes
• Business permit cancellations
• Manufacturing license disputes
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XVII. TRANSPORT, INSPECTION & REGULATORY (NON-TRAI)
- Motor Vehicles (Civil)
• Fitness certificate disputes
• Permit cancellations (non-tax)
• Vehicle defect civil claims
• Transport authority disputes
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XVIII. RENT & TENANCY DISPUTES
(Non-title based only)
- Rent Control Matters
• Eviction for default of rent
• Eviction for bona fide need
• Standard rent fixation
• Deposit of rent disputes
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XIX. GENERAL CIVIL APPLICATIONS USED ACROSS ALL CASES
- Common Applications under CPC
Interim
• Order 39 – Temporary Injunction
• Order 38 – Attachment before judgment
• Order 40 – Receiver
Procedural
• O6 R17 – Amendment
• O7 R11 – Rejection of plaint
• O9 R9/R13 – Restoration
Execution
• Attachment of salary
• Bank account attachment
• Arrest & civil detention
• Delivery of movables
• Sale of assets
