Criminal Cases

OFFENCES AGAINST THE HUMAN BODY

These are the most serious crimes because they directly impact life and physical safety.

1. Murder, Culpable Homicide & Attempt to Murder
   • Intentional killing
   • Death caused without pre-planned intention
   • Attempt to cause death
2. Hurt, Grievous Hurt & Assault
   • Simple hurt
   • Grievous injuries (fractures, permanent disfigurement)
   • Assault with weapons
3. Kidnapping, Abduction & Wrongful Confinement
   • Kidnapping child or woman
   • Abduction for ransom
   • Illegal confinement
4. Human Trafficking
   • Trafficking for labour, sexual exploitation, organ trade

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II. OFFENCES AGAINST WOMEN & CHILDREN

Strongly penalized due to vulnerability of victims.

5. Rape & Sexual Assault
   • Penetrative & non-penetrative assaults
   • Aggravated forms
   • Gang rape
6. Sexual Harassment & Outraging Modesty
   • Touching, stalking, obscene gestures
   • Workplace sexual harassment (POSH Act – civil & criminal overlaps)
7. Domestic Violence (Criminal Provisions)
   • Cruelty by husband or relatives
   • Harassment for dowry
8. POCSO Offences
   • Sexual assault on minors
   • Child pornography
   • Exploitation & trafficking of children

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III. OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY

Crimes involving unlawful control over assets.

9. Theft, Extortion & Robbery
   • Theft (moving property without consent)
   • Extortion (using threats)
   • Robbery (violence + theft)
10. Dacoity & Gang Robbery
    • Five or more persons committing robbery
11. Criminal Misappropriation & Breach of Trust
    • Employee theft
    • Misuse of entrusted money
    • Bank/financial employee fraud
12. Cheating & Forgery
    • Deceiving someone for gain
    • Fake documents, signatures, certificates

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IV. ECONOMIC & FINANCIAL CRIMES

Usually investigated by special agencies.

13. Financial Frauds
    • Ponzi schemes
    • Banking fraud
    • Cooperative society frauds
14. Money Laundering (PMLA)
    • Laundering criminal proceeds
    • Shell companies
15. Corruption Offences (PC Act)
    • Bribery
    • Abuse of public office
16. Tax/Banking Fraud (Criminal Side Only)
    • Fake accounts
    • Hawala
    • GST identity fraud (criminal prosecution)—non-tax civil disputes excluded

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V. CYBER & DIGITAL CRIMES

Increasing rapidly in India.

17. Cyber Fraud
    • OTP scams
    • UPI fraud
    • Online banking fraud
18. Cyber Stalking & Defamation
    • Harassment on social media
    • Threatening messages
19. Hacking & Data Theft
    • Unauthorized access
    • Theft of confidential information

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VI. PUBLIC ORDER & STATE SECURITY CRIMES

20. Rioting & Unlawful Assembly
    • Violence by groups
    • Damage to public property
21. Terrorism & Anti-National Activities
    • UAPA offences
    • Funding terrorism
22. Sedition-like offences under BNS
    • Acts threatening sovereignty & integrity of India
23. Contempt of Lawful Authority
    • Disobeying public servant
    • Obstructing police duties

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VII. NARCOTICS & DRUG OFFENCES (NDPS ACT)

24. Possession, Sale & Trafficking
    • Small quantity possession
    • Commercial quantity trafficking
    • International drug syndicate cases
25. Cultivation & Production
    • Growing cannabis/opium
    • Manufacturing psychotropic substances

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VIII. SPECIAL LAW OFFENCES (SLL CASES)

Crimes defined under separate statutes.

26. Arms Act Offences
    • Possession of illegal weapons
    • Sale/transport of arms
27. Motor Vehicles Act (Criminal)
    • Rash driving causing death
    • Driving without licence (criminal form)
28. SC/ST Atrocities Act
    • Criminal intimidation
    • Caste-based offences
29. Wildlife Protection Act
    • Poaching
    • Illegal trade of animal parts
30. Gambling & Liquor Offences
    • Illegal betting
    • Bootlegging
    • Prohibition violations

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IX. MISCELLANEOUS CRIMINAL OFFENCES

31. Public Nuisance & Public Health Offences
    • Spreading infectious diseases
    • Adulteration of food
32. Counterfeit Currency Offences
    • Possession or circulation of fake notes
33. Offences Relating to Elections
    • Booth capturing
    • Bribing voters
    • Forging voter ID
34. Offences by Public Servants
    • Destroying evidence
    • Misuse of official powers